501(c)(3)

A common federal tax-exempt status for U.S. charitable organizations, named for the section of the tax code.

501(c)(3) refers to the section of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code that grants federal tax-exempt status to organizations operated for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, and similar purposes. It is the most common designation for nonprofits in the United States.

Qualifying organizations are generally exempt from federal income tax, and contributions to most 501(c)(3) public charities are tax-deductible for donors who itemize. In exchange, these organizations must operate within rules that restrict private benefit, political campaign activity, and certain lobbying.

Most 501(c)(3) organizations must file an annual Form 990 with the IRS. The specific requirements, limitations, and application process are detailed and change over time, so organizations should consult the IRS or qualified legal counsel rather than rely on general summaries.

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